13th Jan 2025

5 Frequently Asked Questions About Peri-Implantitis

Dental implants are a popular and effective solution for replacing missing teeth. They are durable, look natural, and have a high success rate. However, like any medical procedure, dental implants come with potential risks. One of these risks is peri-implantitis, a rare but serious complication.

Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments for peri-implantitis can help you take steps to prevent it and maintain your oral health. Here are six frequently asked questions about this condition to help you stay informed.

1. What Is peri-implantitis?

Peri-implantitis is a condition that can develop after receiving a dental implant. It occurs when the tissue surrounding the implant becomes inflamed, usually due to an infection. While the implant itself—made from materials like titanium—is resistant to decay, the surrounding gum tissue remains vulnerable to infection.

In some cases, peri-implantitis may start as an allergic reaction, but most commonly, it is caused by bacterial buildup. If left untreated, the infection can spread to the bone that supports the implant. This can compromise the implant's stability and lead to its failure. Unfortunately, once significant damage has occurred, it is often irreversible, as the body cannot naturally regenerate lost gum tissue or bone.

2. What causes peri-implantitis?

Several factors can contribute to the development of peri-implantitis, including:

• Poor oral hygiene: Failing to maintain proper dental care after implant surgery can lead to bacteria buildup around the implant site, increasing the risk of infection.
• Loose implant screws: If the screw holding the crown to the implant becomes loose, it can create a space for bacteria to accumulate.
• Excess cement: When excess dental cement isn’t removed after fitting the crown, it can act as a trap for bacteria, causing inflammation.
• Improper implant placement: Incorrect positioning of the implant may interfere with the body’s natural biological barriers, increasing the risk of infection.
• Incompatible implant design: If the implant is not well-suited to your mouth, it can create an environment conducive to bacterial growth.

3. Are there different types of peri-implantitis?

Yes, peri-implantitis can be categorized into two main types:

• Peri-implant mucositis: This occurs when the infection is limited to the soft tissue (gums) around the implant. If caught early, peri-implant mucositis is treatable and reversible.
• Peri-implantitis: This is a more advanced condition where the infection spreads from the soft tissue to the supporting bone. Once the bone is affected, treatment becomes more complicated, and the damage may be permanent.

4. What are the symptoms of peri-implantitis?

Peri-implantitis can be challenging to detect in its early stages, as symptoms may be mild or absent. However, as the condition progresses, the following signs may appear:

• Red, swollen, or tender gums: The area around the implant may become inflamed and painful.
• Bleeding gums: Bleeding may occur when brushing, flossing, or applying pressure to the gums.
• Unpleasant taste or smell: Pus caused by the infection can produce a bad taste or odor in the mouth.
• Gum recession: The gums may start to pull away from the implant, exposing the metal root.
• Implant instability: The implant may feel loose or begin to move as the supporting bone deteriorates.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult your dentist promptly for evaluation and treatment.

5. What treatments are available for peri-implantitis?

The treatment for peri-implantitis depends on the severity of the condition. Options include:

• Medication: Antibiotics may be prescribed to address the infection.
• Debridement: The dentist may clean the area around the implant to remove infected tissue and bacteria.
• Surgical procedures: In advanced cases, regenerative or resective surgery may be required to restore the affected area.
• Implant removal: If the implant cannot be saved, it may need to be removed, and alternative restoration options can be considered.

Early detection is critical for successful treatment, so it’s essential to seek professional help at the first sign of a problem.